Russell takes pole as Mercedes shut out front row in British Grand Prix
Russell, who won last time out in Austria, and Hamilton become the first British duo to front the grid in their home race since 1968.
Another British driver, Lando Norris, took third in his McLaren with Max Verstappen taking fourth after damaging the floor of his Red Bull during the wet-dry session.
"What a feeling, at the start of this year I don't think we could of even dreamt of being on pole here, one-two for me and Lewis, and Lando it's just mega," beamed Russell.
"It's down to these fans as well they give us so much energy so thank you for that."
Rounding out the top 10 were Oscar Piastri in the other McLaren, Nico Hulkenberg (Haas), Ferrari's Carlos Sainz, Lance Stroll (Aston Martin), Alex Albon (Williams) and Fernando Alonso in the second Aston Martin.