Curry, one of the stars of England’s run to the final four years ago, returns at openside flanker in the team named by coach Steve Borthwick on Thursday.
Jonny May, a late addition to the squad after Anthony Watson's injury, starts at right wing, with Elliot Daly on the left.
In the absence of the suspended Billy Vunipola, the only specialist number eight in the squad, Ben Earls packs down at the back of the scrum.
Mitchell, who was called up to the squad only after injury ruled out Jack van Poortvliet, starts at scrum-half, with veteran Danny Care on the bench.
Owen Farrell's suspension opens the way for George Ford at fly-half, with Manu Tuilagi and Joe Marchant in the centres.
Courtney Lawes will captain the team from blindside flanker while fellow international centurion Dan Cole is a surprise starter at tighthead prop.
Marcus Smith is among the replacements, covering the fly-half and full-back positions despite never starting a professional game at 15.
England XV v Argentina
15. Freddie Steward, 14. Jonny May, 13. Joe Marchant, 12. Manu Tuilagi, 11. Elliot Daly, 10. George Ford, 9. Alex Mitchell; 1. Ellis Genge, 2. Jamie George, 3. Dan Cole, 4. Maro Itoje, 5. Ollie Chessum, 6. Courtney Lawes (captain), 7. Tom Curry, 8. Ben Earl
Replacements:
16. Theo Dan, 17. Joe Marler, 18. Will Stuart, 19. George Martin, 20. Lewis Ludlam, 21. Danny Care, 22. Marcus Smith, 23. Ollie Lawrence
